<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">Great leaders are famous people from the past, like kings, generals, or presidents, who had a big influence on their country or the world, for example Napoleon or Martin Luther King Jr.&nbsp;</span>

In recent years, several higher-education institutions have relaxed or removed minimum attendance requirements, allowing students to sit for assessments regardless of classroom attendance. Under these “zero-percent attendance” policies, attendance may be recorded or encouraged, but there are no formal academic penalties (such as exam ineligibility or grade deductions) for non-attendance.

In most publicly funded universities, professors are hired on fixed or tenure-based contracts. Their salary progression, job security, and promotions are primarily determined by factors such as seniority, academic qualifications, research output, and internal peer review. Under “outcome-based contracts,” a defined portion of a professor’s remuneration, promotion, or contract renewal would be explicitly linked to measurable student outcomes.

“Nationalizing the internet” refers to the process by which a government takes ownership and control over key parts of a nation’s internet infrastructure and services. This model treats the internet as a public utility or essential service, similar to electricity or water, rather than as a privately operated market.

"Move fast, break things" means emphasizing rapid innovation, iteration, and experimentation over perfection, common in early tech culture to disrupt markets.

Transmedia is the technique of adapting a single story or story experience across multiple platforms and formats using various technologies. This looks like Five Night’s at Freddy’s, Minecraft, Star Wars, and Marvel which span across books, films, TV shows, video games, etc.

"Eco-terrorism" refers to the use or threatened use of illegal or violent acts against people or property by an environmentally oriented group.

Antitrust policies are restrictions placed on activities that businesses can conduct to prevent monopolies. Green antitrust refers to antitrust policies that aim to increase the competitiveness of energy and environment companies as compared to carbon- intensive counterparts by setting stricter antitrust requirements on carbon- intensive firms (e.g. prevention of price fixing).

Slower but inclusive growth refers to a development approach that advances at a slower pace but targets every social group, whereas rapid but uneven growth accelerates economies quickly, driving innovation, investment, and productivity.

Homeland Economics is characterized by protectionist, high-subsidy, intervention-heavy economic and political policies that aim to establish resilience against global shocks such as the pandemic, war, and financial crises. As a result of recent events, some countries have been moving away from globalized free market economics and towards homeland economics.

Social movements often employ a range of protest tactics including marches, sit-ins, road blockades, strikes, campus shutdowns, occupation of public spaces, and other forms of mass disruption.

Choice Feminism is the philosophy that any choice a woman makes is inherently a feminist one, solely by the virtue of her exercising her agency.

Examples of involvement in politics include: running for election, leading campaigns & fundraisers, giving speeches at major rallies, & endorsing candidates.

For the purposes of this debate, countries which embrace the “politics of forgetting” actively attempt to move on from the past. Such measures could include: granting amnesty to party members of former regimes, dissuading parties from publicly commenting on previous authoritarian governments, refusing to build public memorials to commemorate past conflicts, and skirting historical abuses in the educational curriculum. By contrast, countries which embrace the “politics of confronting” actively attempt to deal with the past. Such measures include: prosecuting leaders of former regimes, holding truth and reconciliation commissions, eliminating party members of past governments from civil bureaucracies, publicly memorializing past conflicts, and focusing on historical abuses in public schools.

Multilateral trade deals are those between a large group of countries. They are typically complex and multifaceted due to competing interests. Bilateral trade deals are those between only two countries.

The Ciceronian philosophy of love, as articulated by Cicero, views love as a virtuous and selfless force that seeks the good of others without personal gain. This concept emphasizes loving disinterestedly, or loving without expecting anything in return. It is closely aligned with unconditional love, where affection and care are given freely, often to the extent of offering one's full self for the well-being of others.